Gingivitis is a dental disease that involves the gums surrounding the teeth. It is caused by the presence of plaque bacteria building up on the teeth around the gum margin. The bacteria cause irritation to the gums which leads to the body's immune system responding with an inflammatory reaction.
Gingivitis is part of a spectrum of dental diseases affecting the periodontium. The periodontium refers to all the supporting structures around the teeth - the bone, the gums, and soft tissues. Gingivitis is one of the milder diseases affecting the periodontium however if left unchecked, it can advance to more severe periodontal disease. It should be differentiated from another form of gingivitis called "Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis" (ANUG) which is a severe dental infection of the gums involving fever and halitosis (bad breath) in addition to the painful ulcerations and swelling of the gums.
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